Stimulants and uppers

If stimulant use - your own or someone else's - has started to worry you, it helps to understand what's really going on before deciding what to do next.

What it is

Stimulants, sometimes called "uppers", are substances that speed up messages between the brain and body. This category includes drugs like methamphetamine (often called "tik" in South Africa), cocaine, and the misuse of prescription stimulants meant for conditions like ADHD. People often use stimulants seeking energy, confidence, focus or euphoria. But these effects are usually short-lived, and they are frequently followed by a "crash" - exhaustion, low mood and irritability - which can drive a cycle of repeated use to avoid feeling low.

Signs to notice

• Bursts of high energy, talkativeness or confidence followed by crashes of fatigue and low mood
• Reduced appetite, noticeable weight loss, or not sleeping for long stretches
• Restlessness, jitteriness, grinding teeth, or a racing heartbeat
• Increased risk-taking or unusual irritability and paranoia
• Needing more of the substance over time to get the same effect
• Financial or work problems linked to use

What helps

• Notice the pattern honestly - is the substance being used to cope with stress, low mood or pressure to perform?
• Prioritise sleep and regular meals, since stimulant use often disrupts both
• Reduce access where possible and avoid situations or people strongly linked to use
• Talk to a counsellor about what's underneath the use - stimulants are often used to manage anxiety, low self-esteem or high-pressure environments
• Build in supportive routines - exercise, connection with others, and downtime - as alternatives to using
• Be patient with yourself; the crash and cravings are temporary, even when they feel intense

When to reach out for help

Get professional support if use is increasing, if you notice signs of paranoia or agitation that feel out of control, if physical health is declining, or if stopping feels impossible without support. A racing heart, chest pain, or severe agitation needs urgent medical attention.

Getting help in South Africa

Cleared Mind's confidential EAP counselling is a good first stop to talk through what's happening and find a path forward. SADAG's Mental Health Line (011 234 4837) can also connect you to addiction treatment services. For a medical emergency, call 10177.

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If you or someone else is in immediate danger, reach out now. SADAG Suicide Crisis Helpline (24h): 0800 567 567 or SMS 31393. SAPS 10111, ambulance 10177, GBV Command Centre 0800 428 428.